P
P.B.U.H. These letters are abbreviations for the words Peace Be Upon Him which are the meaning of the Arabic expression " 'Alaihis Salam", which is an expression that is said when the name of a prophet is mentioned. This expression is widely used by English speaking Muslims. It is to be noticed here that this expression does not give the full meaning of "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam". Therefore it is recommended that people do not use (p.b.u.h.) after the name of prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.); they should use "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam" instead, or they may use the abbreviated form of (s.a..w) in writing. an ancronym which stands for "peace be unto him" a blessing which is affixed to Muhammad's name whenever it is written. This is obviously the English version of it, and the Arabic version is S.A.W.
Prophet A person who has had messages from Allah. (see nabi).
Prayer is performed five times a day. It is the direct link between the worshiper and Allah. The prayers are said in Arabic.
Q
Qadhf false imputation of unchastity specifically punished by sharia.
Qabr Grave.Life in the Qabr (the grave)is known as the "Barzakh", the interspace, because it comes between in this world and life in the next world. The Qabr is known by six names:
1. Bait al-Ghurba (House of the Stranger).
2. Bait al-Wahda (House of Solitude).
3. Bait al-Turab (House of Dust).
4. Bait al-Door (House of Worms).
5. Bait al-Fitna (House of Trail).
The grave is experienced as a place of peace and light and spaceby the Ruh (soul/spirit) of the Mumin who sees his or her place in the Garden in the morning and in the evening; and is experienced as a place of torment and darkness and no space by the Ruh of the Kafir who sees his or her place in the Fire in the morning and in the evening.
After death there is a period of waiting in the grave for the Ruh until the Last Day arrives, when every one who has ever live will be brought back to life and gathered together. their action will be weight in the Mizan (the Balance), and every one will either go to the Garden or the Fire, for ever.
Qada wa Qadar Decree and Destiny. Qada means what Allah has ordained for all the world. Qada can not be changed, for the decree of Allah is final. Qadar is the individual fate, or destiny if each one of all His creature. It also can not be changed but may be altered by Allah under special circumstances, for "Allah has power over all thing" (Qur'an, Al-Ma'idah 5/19.)
Qadar predestination. Allah's complete and final control over the fulfillment of events or destiny.
Qadi judge.
Qadr (Lailatul) One of the last ten nights of Ramadan. See Qur'an, Al-Qadr 97. See Lailatul-Qadr.
Qaideen people who remain inactive and do not actively fight. The opposit of mujahid.
Qaiyim Straight and clear. Something which has no corners, bends or ambiguity. Something which is straightforward and clear and leads to the Right Path. It refers to the Qur'an. See Qur' an, Al-Kahf 18/2.
Qalam (Al) "The Pen", Surah 68 of the Qur' an.
Qalb The heart, where true knowledge resides. Plural: Qulub.
Qamar (Al) "The Moon". Surah 54 of the Qur' an.
Qard a loan given for a good cause in the name of Allah, in hopes of repayment or reward in the Hereafter.
Qardan Hasana "A beautiful loan" (to Allah Ta'ala). Spending in the cause of Allah Ta'ala is described by Allah Ta'ala Himself as "a beautiful loan" because it entails self-denial for the sake of Allah Ta'ala. It is for this reason that Allah has promised a rich reward for those who expend their wealth in His Path. See Qur' an, Al-Baqara 2/245, Al-Hadid 57/11, 18
Qareen
1. One who performs Hajj al-Qiran. See Hajj.
2. An independent soul that resides inside a person. It is normally a friendly companion who helps the individual, but sometimes gets jealous and causes problems. A male Qareen resides in a male person and a female Qareen in a female,
3. Companion.
Qari (Plur Qurra) someone who recites the Quran. One who memorizes the Qur' an by heart and constantly recites it. Early religious scholar or teacher.
Qarn Al_Manazil The Miqat of the pilgrims travelling through Najd, in Arabia (from the east). See Miqat.
Qaroon Korah A wealthy Kafir who led a rebellion (of 250 men) against the Prophets Musa (Moses) and Haroon (Aaron), peace be on them. As a punishment Allah Ta'ala caused the earth to open and swallow them up along with all that they possessed. See Qur'an, Al- Qasas 28/76-82, Al-Ankabut 29/39.
Qasab Pipes made of gold, pearls and other precious metals.
Qasama (Al) The oath taken by fifty men of a tribe or a locality of a person who is being accused of murder, to refute accusations of complicity in unclear cases of homicide.
Qassas (Al) "The Story". Surah 28 of the Holy Qur' an.
Qaswa (Al) The name of the Prophet Muhammad's she-camel, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
Qasr which literally means 'to shorten', is technically used to signify the Islamic rule that during one's journey it is permissible, and indeed preferable, to pray only two rak'ahs in those obligatory Prayers in which a person is required to pray four rak'ahs.
Qat`ee Definitive, unequivocal; free of speculative content.
Qawwam (qayyim) is a person responsible for administering or supervising the affairs of either an individual or an organization, for protecting and safeguarding them and taking care of their needs.
Qeel wa Qaal Idle talk.
Qatlu nafsi-hi suicide is forbidden in Islam
Qiblah it is the direction that Muslims face when they do their salaah. It is in the direction of the Ka'bah in Mecca. Initially the Qiblah was towards al-Quds (Jerusalem), then Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala ordered the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to face al-Ka'ba in Makkah al-Mukarramah. Everyone has a direction in life, but only the Muslims have this Qiblah. See Qur'an, Al-Baqara 2/142-145, 149-150.
Qirada Apes. Allah Ta'ala uses this word with regard to some Jews who transgressed the Sabbath and who were transformed into apes as a punishment. See Qur'an, Al-Baqara 2/65.
Qiran (Hajj Al) "Combined Hajj'. Umra, then Hajj, without taking off the Ihram. See Hajj.
Qisas retaliation in kind (eye for an eye). In Islam though, retaliation should be forgone as an act of charity Surah 5, Ayah 48; Qur' an, Al-Baqara 2/178-179. equitable retribution - a fine for murder if the heirs forgive the perpetrator. (See hudud, tazeer)
Qitaal fee sebil Allah fight in the cause of Allah, a Qur'anic commandment.
Qiyaas "According [the Islamic scholar al Shafi`i], Qiyaas is a method for reaching a legal decision on the basis of evidence (a precedent) in which a common reason, or an effective cause, is applicable." foundation of legal reasoning and thus fiqh. A type of judgement reached by making analogy.
When a judgement cannot be found in the Qur'an orin the Sunnah of Rasoolu'llah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, or from the 'Ijma (universal agreement) of the 'Ulamaa (the people of knowledge from amongst the Muslims), then a Qiyaas is made by comparing the matter being considered to a similar case judged by the Holy Prophet, and thereby arriving at a similar decision, which does not contradict the Qur'an or the Sunnah in any way.
Qiyam (Qiam) to stand, a position of prayer
Qiyamah resurrection; return of the dead for the Day of Judgment.
Qiyamul Lail (Qiamul Lail) Standing in prayer during the night.
Qudah plural form of qadi.
Qudsī classification of a hadith that are believed to be narrated by Muhammad from Alalh.
Qu'ud Sitting position during Salat.
Qubaa A famous site on the outskirts of AI-Madinah al-Munawwarah. The Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, established the first Masjid of Islam there. It was named AI-Masjid at-Taqwa (The Masjid of Awe) or Al-Masjid Quwatul-Islam (The Masjid of the Power of Islam).
According to one Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said that visiting this Masjid on Saturday before noon and offering a two-Rak'a Salat there is equal (in reward) to doing an Umra. See Qur'an, At-Taubah 9/107-108.
Qulub (sing Qalb) Hearts. Only the remembrance of Allah makes the hearts calm and peaceful.
Qunut Supplication in the Salat, particularly in the standing position after Ruku in the Fajr (dawn) prayer.
Quraysh (KURAYSH) the most powerful and prominent tribe in all of Arabia in the Prophet's era. The Quraysh were the keepers of the Ka'bah and therefore one of the wealthiest and most powerful tribes. The Prophet was from among the Quraysh. When he started to preach the True religion of Allah, the Quraysh violently persecuted him and his followers. They were badly defeated at the battle of Badr by the Muslims and their days of Jahiliyyah were finally ended when the Muslims liberated Mecca and destroyed all the idols in the Ka'bah in the year 630 C.E.
Qur'an (KUR'AN) The holy book of Qur'an is called the Qur'an. It was revealed unto Muhammad (s.a.w) from Allah through angel Gabriel (Jibril) for a period of 23 years. There is only one Qur'an in the whole world and it is in Arabic language. The Qur'an has one text, one language, and one dialect. It has been memorized by millions of Muslims in different parts of the world.
The Qur'an is composed of 114 Surah (chapters). It is to be read and recited with rules and regulations. When to be touched and to be recited, a Muslim to be in a state of cleanliness and purity. The authenticity and the totality of the Qur'an have been documented and recognized. The Qur'an can not be translated at all as the Qur'an is the exact words of Allah. Any translation is considered to be the explanation to the meaning of the Qur'an. The Qur'an is so rich and comprehensive in matter that it can easily guide men and women in all works of their life. It is the ultimate source of guidance for people in all aspects of their spiritual and material lives. The names and attributes that are given to the Qur'an in the Qur'an speak for themselves. The Qur'an is also described to be bounteous, glorious, mighty, honored, exalted, purified, wonderful, blessed, and confirming the truth of previous revelations. The Qur'an has practically proved the truth and effectiveness of all of its names and epithets in the life of all true believers, who practiced its teachings sincerely and devoutly.
The Qur'an has a Universal appeal, regardless of people's color, creed, nationality, and geographical divisions of the world. The goal of life, as addressed in the Qur'an, is to live according to what Allah has created us for, which is to worship Allah, and to obey his commandments in this life, which are of course, in the interest of people, and to gain going to Heaven and escape going to Hell in the hereafter. The real success is going to Heaven and the real failure is going to Hell, as the Qur'an states. Those who are entirely lost in their material gains and luxury, without cultivating their spiritual and moral qualities, are declared by Allah (s..w.t.) to be like animals, rather worse than them. The ones who do not believe in Allah or follow His commandments are also described in many places of the Qur'an to be dead, deaf, mute, and blind. The real living, hearing, speaking and seeing are caused by the true belief in the heart. So our need for learning, studying, and following the Qur'an should come before our need for breathing, drinking and eating to survive, because life without such guidance is a miserable life that leads to eternal punishment.
The "Recitation". Also called AI-Furqaan,"The Discrimination (between truth and falsehood)". The Final Revelation of Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala to Ins wal-Jinn (mankind and the Jinn). Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala Himself decreed that it is He who will preserve the Qur'an from any deletion or addition or alteration until the Day of Resurrection. It is generally understood that it is a book meant for the Muslims alone. In fact, it is a book for all mankind and jinn to follow up to the Day of Judgement, but it has been accepted only by those who have submitted their will (the Muslims) to Allah the Almighty. The people whom the Qur'an is intended to benefit are described in Suratul-Baqara 2/1-5.They are the successful ones. The Qur'an is the greatest of the Last Messenger's miracles, since he could neither read nor write and had never received any formal education. The Qur'an is the uncreated word of Allah. The Qur'an contains 114 Suwar, composed of 6,616 Ayat, 77,934 words and 323,671 letters.
Qurra (Sing Qari)
1. One who memorizes the Qur' an by heart and recites its constantly.
2. Early religious scholars or teachers
R
RA See Radia'llahu 'Anhu.
Rabb has three meanings:
(i) Lord and Master;
(ii) Sustainer, Provider, Supporter, Nourisher and Guardian, and
(iii)Sovereign and Ruler, He who controls and directs.
Allah is Rabb in all the three meanings of the term. The rational of the basic Qur'anic message - 'serve none but Allah' - is that since Alalh is man's Rabb - Lord, Sustainer, Provider, Nourisher, etc. He alone should be the object of man's worship and service. See, for example, Qur'an 2/21.
Rabbak Your Lord. Your Master. See Rabb.
Rabb il 'Alameen Title of Allah Ta'ala. Lord of all creation. Literally means "Lord of the Worlds", both in the Seen and in the Unseen.
Rabbil Al_Awal The third month of the Islamic calendar. See Hijri.
Radiyallahu anha May Allah be pleased with her.
Radiyallahu anhu May Allah be pleased with him.
Radiyallahu anhuma May Allah be pleased with them.
Radiyallahu anhum May Allah be pleased with them.
Radhiallahu 'anhu (RAZHIALLAHU 'ANHU) This is an expression to be used by Muslims whenever a name of a companion of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) is mentioned or used in writing. The meaning of this statement is: "May Allah be pleased with him."
Muslims are taught to be respectful to the elderly and to those who contributed to the spread and success in Islam. They are to be grateful to the companions of the prophet (s.a.w.) for their sacrifices, their leadership, and their contributions. Muslims are advised to use this phrase when such names are mentioned or written.
Rafi'ah Khafida That which will raise the lowly, and humble the proud, on the Day of Judgement.
Rahman Merciful;
Ar-Rahman means "The Most Merciful" Allah.
Rahim compassionate.
Ar-Rahim means "The Most Compassionate" Alalh as in the Basmala "Ar-Raheem". Most Merciful. One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah Ta'ala. It is said that the Attribute of Ar-Raheem consists of the mercy of Allah that is only experienced by the Muslims, whereas the Attribute of Ar-Rahman consists of the mercy of Allah that is experienced by the whole creation. For example, all creatures are fed until they die, but only the Muslims experience the reward of breaking the fast at the end of each day of Ramadan, and the reward of meeting their Lord in the next world.
Rahib A man who lives in a monastery, a Christian monk.
Rahim (Ar) Blood relations. It is extremely important for Muslims to keep in contact with their blood relatives. In a Hadith Qudsi Allah Ta'ala vowed by His Might and Sublimity that He would cut off the person who cuts off his blood relative.
Rahmat Allah The Mercy of Allah. It comes from one of the Attributes of Allah Ta'ala - Ar-Rahman, The Merciful. See Raheem (ar).
Ra'i Opinion, reason. Ahl al Ra'i - scholars who employ independent reasoning to the solution of new problems, in contradistinction to scholars who confine themselves mainly to hadeeth ( see Ahl al hadeeth).
Raihan A sweet-smelling flower.
Rajfa Violent earthquake. See Qur'an, Al-A'raf 7/155.
Rajab The seventh month of the Islamic calendar. See Hijri.
Rajm the practice of stoning. In Islamic law the Hadd punishment for whoever is married and commits adultery is to be stoned to death.
Ra'ka (Raka'ah) (plur rak'at) an individual unit of salaah. Each daily prayer is made up of a different number of raka'ah.
Rak'at Plural of Rak'a. See Rak'a.
Ramadan (RAMAZAN) the holy month of prescribed fasting for the Muslims. It was during this month that the Quranic revelations began. The ninth month of the Islamic clendar. It is a very important month in the Islamic world.
1. It is the month of fasting, during which all adult Muslims who are in good health fast from the first light of dawn until sunset each day. During the first third of the fast you taste Allah's mercy; during the second third you taste Allah's forgiveness; and during the last third you taste freedom from the Fire. See Qur' an, Al-Baqara 2/185.
2. It is the month in which the revelation of the Qur' an to our Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commenced.
3. The Lailatul Qadr (see (Qadr, Lailatul) occurs in this month.
4. The famous Battle of Badr was fought and won in this month.
5. The Conquest of Makka by Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took place in this month.
Ramal Hastening, walking briskly and moving the shoulders briskly; usually done by men (only) in the first three circuits of the Tawaf, but not in the remaining four.
Rami The act of throwing seven pebbles at each of the three Jamras, representing Iblis (Satan), at Mina. See Jamrat al-'Aqaba.
Rashidun Muslims consider the first four caliphs as the "orthodox" or "rightly guided" caliphs. They were Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman and 'Ali.
Rasul (RASOOL) The meaning of the word Rasul is a messenger. Allah sent many prophets and messengers to mankind. Amongst them, the names of twenty-five are mentioned in the Qur'an. From within the list, the Qur'an states the names of five Rasul who are the Mighty ones. These are: Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), Isa (Jesus), and Muhammad (s.a.w.). messenger; Unlike prophets (Nabi), messengers are given scripture. Moses, David, Jesus and Mohammed are considered messengers. All messengers are considered prophets, but not all prophets are given scripture. See: Nabi.
Rasoolu'llah Messenger of Allah. Throughout the history of the world Allah has sent messengers with a Book to explain Tawheed to man and Jinn, and to show them how to live at peace. The Muslims accept and believe in all the messengers, including the prophets Nooh (Noah), Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), Dawood (David), Isa (Jesus), peace be upon them all, and especially Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. See Mursallen.
Rawi A narrator. In Hadith literature, it means the narrator of Ahadeeth.
Rea' (Shirk Ar) A minor Shirk. Carrying out a religious act for worldly gains and not for the pleasure of Allah, e.g. giving Zakat for the sake of fame or praise. See Shirk.
Riba interest, the charging and paying of which is forbidden by the Qur'an. Usury is of two kinds:
1. Riba Nasi'a - taking interest on loaned money.
2. Riba F'adal - taking something of superior quality in exchange for giving less of the same kind of thing of poorer quality.Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala has strictly forbidden any kind of Riba and has warned of severe punishment to those who have any association with it. This is because all Riba involves getting something for nothing at someone else's expense, and is destructive. See Qur' an, Al-Baqara 2/275-280, Aali imran 3/130.
Rida A cloth that is worn on the upper part of the body.
Riddah apostasy, in which a person abandons Islam for another faith or no faith at all.
Ridwan peace be upon him Name of the angel who is Keeper of the Gate of Jannah (Paradise). Literally means "Allah's Good Pleasure".
Risalah literally, message or letter. Used both in common parlance for mail correspondences, and in religious context as divine message.
Riwayaat Narrations of Ahadeeth.
Rizq Provision. Sustenance. Derives from the word "AI-Razaq" The Provider or Sustainer, one of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah Ta' ala.
AI-Razaq The Provider or Sustainer, one of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah Ta' ala.
Ruh spirit; the divine breath which God blew into the clay of Adam.
Rooh AL Qudus The Holy Spirit. Another name for the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be on him. His duty was to communicate between Allah and His prophets. Alah Ta'ala strengthened the Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on him, with the Holy Spirit Al-Baqara 2/87, 253. This is one of the reasons why the Nasara (Christians) believe that the Prophet Jesus was divine. If Jesus was Allah, then why did he need strengthening? They also believed that the Holy Spirit was divine. If the Holy Spirit was Allah, then how was He sent and by whom? Who has the power to command Allah to go anywhere? Do they not know that Allah is "AI-Wahid", "The Unique"? Glory be to Allah, the Most High. Surely they disbelieve who say that Allah has associates.
Roohu'llah According to the Ulamaa mm as-Sahaba (the people of knowledge from among the companions of the Prophet, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and them, and their students), the Roohu'IIah can be considered in two distinct and different ways:
1. The created - what belongs to Allah: e.g. Allah's slave, Allah's House, Allah's soul (i.e. a soul created by Allah). Consider the creation of Adam and the Prophet Isa (Jesus, Son of Mary), peace be on them. Allah said "Be" and they were created.
2. The Creator - Who is neither a person nor a thing: e.g. Allah's statements (Kalimatu'llah), Allah's knowledge ('Ilmu'llah). Allah says in the Qur'an: "Say: 'The Spirit is by command of my Lord, and you have only been given a little knowledge."' (Qur'an, Al-isra 17/85.)
Room (Al) "The Romans". Surah 30 of the Qur' an.
Rububiyah (Tawheed Al) Unity of Lordship. To believe that there is only one Lord, the Master and Creator of the Universe, Who oversees and orders it in every moment, and that is He Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala. See Tawheed.
Rukn (plur arkan) means what is inevitable. One of the five pillars of Islam. (See fard, wajib)
Ruku' (RUKU) The root of this word is Raka'a which means bow down; the bowing performed during salat. During prayers (Salah), a Muslim is to make Ruku' in respect to Allah: he or she bows forward at the waist, and stands with the hands on the knees and the back parallel to the ground. While in a position of Ruku' a Muslim is to glorify Allah three times.
Ruqba A gift of a house given to somebody to live in as long as they live, after which it is returned.
Ruqya Divine words, usually from the Qur' an, used as a recitafion to cure an illness or a disease.
Rushd Right conduct and correct behaviour.
Rusull (Sing Rasool) Messengers. All messengers are prophets, but not all prophets are messengers. The Qur'an mentions twenty-five prophets, amongst whom are six messengers:
1. Nooh (Noah).
2. Ibrahim (Abraham).
3. Musa (Moses).
4. Dawood (David).
5. Isa ibn Mariam (Jesus, Son of Mary).
6. Muhammad.
May the blessings and peace of Allah be on all the prophets and messengers, on those who are known and those who are not known, and on all their sincere followers in every age. For a complete list of the twenty-five prophets and messengers: See Mursaleen.
Rutb ripe dates, opposite busr.
S
Saabia Worshippers of the stars, moons and other heavenly bodies.Originally the people of Sabaa, the Queen of Sheeba.
Sab'a Al_mathani Another name for Surat al-Fatiha. Literally means "The Seven Often Recited Verses". Every Muslim recites Surat al-Fatiha at least seventeen times every day, and some a good deal more.
Sab'a Samawat Seven Heavens.
Sab'a Tuwaal The first seven long Suwar of the Holy Qur'an.
Sab'aa (as) An easterly wind.
Sabaa City of Sheeba in Yemen. A city of the King and Prophet Sulaiman, peace he on him, and the Queen of Sheeba, Bilqis. Surah 34 of the Qur'an. See Qur'an, An-Naml 27/15-44.
Sabeel
1. Road. Path. Way. A means to an end.
2. "Fee Sabeeli'llah": In the path of Allah or in the cause of Allah.
Sabbath which means Saturday, was declared for the Israelites as the holy day of the week. God declared the Sabbath as a sign of the perpetual covenant between God and Israel. (Exodus 31:12-16.) The Israelites were required to strictly keep the Sabbath which meant that they may not engage in any worldly activity; they may not cook, nor make their slaves or cattle serve them. Those who violated these rules were to be put to death. The Israelites, however, publicly violated these rules. For further details, see Surah 7.
Sabiqoon 'Those who outstrip the rest', in the race to draw near to the mercy and blessings and love of Allah. See Muqarraboon.
Sabirin people who are patient and steadfast.
Sabr patience, steadfastness, endurance, self-restraint. Allah Ta'ala has promised "Falaah" (success) in this world and in the Hereafter to those Muslims who have Sabr, especially during times of hardship. See Qur'an, Aali 'Imran 3/200.
Sa'd ibn Mu'az Chief of the Aus tribe, who later came to be known as the Ansar. He died a Shaheed (martyr) as a result of a wound he received in the Battle of Khandaq (also known as the Battle of Al-Ahzab).
Sa'id Blessed in the sight of Allah, as opposed to Shaqi, which means wretched. See Qur'an, Houd 11/105.
Sadaq same meaning as mahr.
Sadaqah means charity; voluntary alms above the amount for zakat.
Sadd al Dharaa'i` Literally, blocking the means. Implies blocking the means to an expected end or an evil which is likely to materialize if the means towards it is not obstructed. For example, illicit privacy between members of the opposite sex is blocked or made unlawful because [of the prohibition of adultery - ed. (missing text)].
Safa a mound near the Ka'bah that is referred to in the Quran as one of the symbols of Allah. It is in conjuction with Marwah.
Safa and Marwah Two hills in Makkah, near the Ka'bah, now included within the grand mosque (see Sa'y)
Safaha "He forgave". Forgiving in the sense of overlooking, ignoring or turning away from misdeeds. See Maghfira.
Saffah A raised platform. A verandah attached to the Prophet's Mosque in Madina where poor Muslims, including some of his most exalted companions, used to sleep, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and them.
Saghir (Al) Minor sins committed by Ins wal-Jinn (mankind and Jinn) against Allah Ta'ala.
Sahabah (as-Sahabiyeen) Plural of Sahabi, Companion, particularly any companion of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
A list of the best-known Companions:
A
• Aa'rus bin al yushkry أعرس بن عمرواليشكري
• Aa'yun bin Zuby'aah أعين بن ضبيعة بن ناجية بن عقال
• Aabi al laham آبي اللحم الغفاري
• Abaan al abdi أبان العبدي
• Abaan al muharbi أبان المحاربي
• Abaan bin Saeed أبان بن سعيد
• Abbad ibn Bishr
• `Abdullah ibn `Abd-ul-Asad
• Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf
• Abu Hurayrah
• Abd al-Rahman
• Abdullah ibn Abbas
• Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al-Aas
• Abdullah ibn Az Zubayr
• Abdullah bin al Aa'wer الأعشى المازني‘ واسمه عبد الله بن الأعور
• Abdullah ibn Hudhafah as-Sahmi
• Abdullah ibn Jahsh
• Abdullah ibn Mas'ud
• Abdullah ibn Sailam
• Abdullah ibn Umar
• Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum
• Abjr al mzni أبجر المزني
• Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabiah
• Abu Ayyub al-Ansari
• Abu Bakr Siddiq
• Abu Dardaa
• Abu Musa al-Ashari
• Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith
• Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah
• Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
• Abyz أبيض
• Abza al Khuza'e أبزى الخزاعي
• Abyz bin Hammaal أبيض بن حمال
• Abyz bin Honey أبيض بن هني
• Adeem al tughlabi أديم التغلبي
• Adiyy ibn Hatim
• Aflah أفلح بن أبي القعيس،وقيل أفلح أبوالقعيس،وقيل أخوأبي القعيس
• Aflah أفلح مولى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
• Aflah أفلح مولى أم سلمة
• Aftus أفطس
• Ahmar abu Usaib أحمر أبو عسيب
• Ahmad bin Hafs أحمد بن حفص
• Ahmar bin Muawia أحمر بن معاوية
• Ahmar bin Qutn أحمر بن قطن
• Ahmar bin Saleem أحمر بن سليم
• Ahmar bin Swa'a أحمر بن سواء
• Ahmar mola Umm Salmah أحمر مولى أم سلمة
• Ahmar أحمر بن جزي
• Ahyah bin Umayyah أحيحة بن أمية
• Ahzaab bin Usaid أحزاب بن أسيد
• Aishah bint Abi Bakr
• Akbar al harithi أكبر الحارثي
• Akeymah al laythee أكيمة الليثي‘ وقيل الزهري
• Akhrm al hajimy أخرم الهجيمي
• Aktal bin Shumakh أكتل بن شماخ بن يزيد
• Akthum bin Al Jaun أكثم بن الجون‘وقيل ابن أبي الجون،واسمه عبد العزى بن منقذ
• Akthum bin Saifi أكثم بن صيفي
• Akthum bin Saifi أكثم بن صيفي بن عبدالعزى بن سعد
• Akydur bin Abdul Malik أكيدربن عبدالملك
• Al Aagher al ghifari الأغرالغفاري
• Al Aagher al muzni الأغرالمزني
• Al Aagher bin Ysaar الأغربن يسار الجهني
• Al Aa'shaw al mazini الأعشى المازني‘ واسمه عبد الله بن الأعور
• Al Aa'wer bin Bishamah الأعور بن بشامة العنبري
• Al Adra'e al aslami الأدرع الأسلمي
• Al Adra'e al zumri الأدرع الضمري أبو الجعد
• Al Aghlab al rajiz الأغلب الراجزالعجلي
• Al Ahmari الأحمري
• Al-Ahnaf bin Qays الأحنف بن قيس
• Al Ahws bin Mas'ud الأحوص بن مسعود
• Al Akhns bin Khubaab الأخنس بن خباب
• Al Akhrm al asadi الأخرم الأسدي
• Al Akhram الأخرم
• al-'Ala' Al-Hadrami
• Al Aqmar abu Ali الأقمرأبوعلي وكلثوم الوادعي، يقال إن اسمه عمروبن الحارث
• Al Aqra'e bin Abdullah الأقرع بن عبدالله الحميري
• Al Aqra'e bin Habis الأقرع بن حابس بن عقال
• Al Aqra'e bin Shqey الأقرع بن شفي العكي
• Al Aqrum bin Zaid الأقرم بن زيدأبوعبدالله الخزاعي
• Al Arkam al nakha'e الأرقم النخعي،واسمه أوس بن جهيش بن يزيدالنخعي
• Al Arkam bin abi Al Arkam الأرقم بن أبي الأرقم
• Al Arkam bin Jufainah الأرقم بن جفينة
• Al Ashja'e al abdi الأشج العبدي‘ المنذربن الحارث بن زيادبن عصرالعصري
• Al Aswad al habashi الأسودالحبشي
• Al Aswad bin abi Al Aswd الأسودبن أبي الأسودالنهدي
• Al Aswad bin abi Al Bukhtri الأسودبن أبي البختري
• Al Aswad bin Abas الأسودبن عبس بن أسماءبن وهب
• Al Aswad bin Abdul Asad الأسودبن عبدالأسد
• Al Aswad bin Abdullah الأسودبن عبدالله السدوسي اليمامي‘وقيل عبدالله بن الأسود
• Al Aswad bin Asram الأسودبن أصرم المحاربي
• Al Aswad bin Halal الأسودبن هلال المحاربي
• Al Aswad bin Hazim الأسود بن حازم بن صفوان بن عزار
• Al Aswad bin Imran أسودبن عمران البكري‘وقيل عمران بن الأسود
• Al Aswad bin Khalf الأسودبن خلف بن عبديغوث القرشي الزهري
• Al Aswad bin Khitamah الأسودبن خطامةالكناني
• Al Aswad bin Khuza'e الأسودبن خزاعي‘وقيل خزاعي بن الأسودالسلمي
• Al Aswad bin Malik الأسودبن مالك الأسدي اليمامي
• Al Aswad bin Naufal الأسودبن نوفل بن خويلدالقرشي الأسدي
• Al Aswad bin Rbe'ya الأسودبن ربيعة
• Al Aswad bin Rbe'ya الأسودبن ربيعة بن أسوداليشكري
• Al Aswad bin Salmah الأسودبن سلمة الكندي
• Al Aswad bin Sre'e الأسودبن سريع التميمي السعدي
• Al Aswad bin Sufian الأسودبن سفيان القرشي المخزومي
• Al Aswad bin Tha'luba الأسودبن ثعلبةاليربوعي
• Al Aswad bin Wahab الأسودبن وهب،وقيل وهب بن الأسود
• Al Aswad bin Zaid الأسودبن زيدالأنصاري
• Al Aswad walid Aamir bin Al Aswad الأسودوالدعامربن الأسود
• Al-Baraa ibn Malik al-Ansari
• Al Asfa'e al bikri الأسفع البكري
• Al Asqa' bin Shreeh الأسقع بن شريح بن صريم
• Al Azbat bin Hayye الأضبط بن حيي بن زعل الأكبر
• Al Azbat al salmi الأضبط السلمي أبو حارثة
• Ali bin Abi Taleb
• Amad bin Abad أمدبن أبدالحضرمي
• Amanaah bin Qays أماناة بن قيس بن الحارث بن شيبان بن الفاتك الكندي
• Amar bin al Haarith الأقمرأبو علي وكلثوم الوادعي، يقال إن اسمه عمرو بن الحارث
• Ammar bin Yasir
• Amr bin Al'aas
• Amr ibn al-Jamuh
• An-Nuayman ibn Amr
• An-Numan ibn Muqarrin
• Aq'es bin Salmah أقعس بن سلمة‘وقيل مسلمة الحنفي السحيمي
• Arbd bin Humair أربدبن حميروقيل ابن حزة
• Arbd bin Mkhshaw - Su'waid bin Mkhshaw أربدبن مخشي وقيل سويدبن مخشي
• Arbd khadim أربد خادم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
• As'ad al khair أسعدالخير‘وقيل إنه أبوسعدالخير‘ ويشبه أن يكون اسمه أحمد
• Artat al tai أرطاة الطائي وقيل أبوأرطاة
• Artat bin Ka'ab أرطاة بن كعب
• Artat bin Al Munzir أرطاة بن المنذر
• As'ad bin Abdullah أسعدبن عبدالله الخزاعي
• As'ad bin Atiya أسعد بن عطية بن عبيد
• As'ad bin Haritha bin Lauzaan أسعدبن حارثة بن لوذان الأنصاري الساعدي
• As'ad bin Sahal أسعدبن سهل بن حنيف
• As'ad bin Salamah أسعدبن سلامةالأشهلي الأنصاري
• As'ad bin Yazeed أسعدبن يزيدبن الفاكة
• As'ad bin Yrhu'e أسعدبن يربوع الأنصاري الخزرجي الساعدي
• As'ad bin Zrarah أسعد بن زرارة بن عدس
• As'er أسعر‘وقيل ابن سعر‘وقيل سعر
• Asad bin akhi Kadija أسدبن أخي خديجة
• Asad bin Haritha أسدبن حارثة العليمي الكلبي
• Asad bin Qarz أسدبن كرزبن عامر
• Asad bin Sa'ya أسدبن سعيةالقرظي
• Asad bin Ubaid أسدبن عبيدالقرظي اليهودي
• Asad bin Zrarah أسدبن زرارةالأنصاري
• Asbgh bin Giyaas or Etaab أصبغ بن غياث،أوعتاب
• Aseed bin abi Unaas أسيدبن أبي أناس بن زنيم الكناني الدؤلي العدوي
• Aseed bin abi Usaid أسيدبن أبي أسيد
• Aseed bin Amar أسيدبن عمرو بن محصن شهدبدراً
• Aseed bin Jariyah أسيدبن جارية بن أسيد
• Aseed bin Karz أسيدبن كرزالقسري
• Aseed bin Sa'ya أسيدبن سعية القرظي
• Aseed bin Sfwaan أسيدبن صفوان
• Ash'us bin Qays الأشعث بن قيس بن معدي كرب الكندي
• Asheem al zbabi أشيم الضبابي
• Ashmah al njashi أصحمة النجاشي ملك الحبشة
• Ashrus bin Ghazira أشرس بن غاضرة الكندي
• Asla'e bin Shreeq أسلع بن شريك الأعوجي التميمي
• Aslam أسلم
• Aslam أسلم حادي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
• Aslam أسلم مولى عمر بن الخطاب
• Aslam abu Rafa'e أسلم أبو رافع مولى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
• Aslam al habashi أسلم الحبشي الأسود
• Aslam al ra'ee أسلم الراعي الأسود
• Aslam bin Ameera أسلم بن عميرة بن أمية الأنصاري الحارثي شهد أحداً
• Aslam bin Aus أسلم ابن أوس بن بجرة
• Aslam bin Al Haseen أسلم بن الحصين بن جبيرة
• Aslam bin Bjrah أسلم بن بجرة الأنصاري الخزرجي
• Aslam bin Jubair أسلم بن جبيربن حصين بن جبيرة
• Aslam bin Saleem أسلم بن سليم
• Asm'a bin Haritha أسماءبن حارثة بن هند
• Asm'a bin Rbaan أسماءبن ربان بن معاوية
• As-hama Al-Najashi
• Asmaa bint Abi Bakr
• Asma bint Umays
• Asmar bin Muzris أسمر بن مضرس الطائي
• Asram al shiqry أصرم الشقري
• Asram bin Thabit أصرم، ويقال أصيرم، واسمه عمرو بن ثابت بن وقش الأنصاري الأوسي الأشهلي
• Aswad أسود، فسماه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أبيض
• Aswad bin Abyz الأسودبن أبيض
• Aswad bin Auf أسودبن عوف القرشي الزهري
• Aswad bin Haraam أسودبن حرام
• Aswad bin Uwaim أسودبن عويم السدوسي
• At-Tufayl ibn Amr ad-Dawsi
• Azaaz Mard أزاذ مرد
• Azhar bin Abd Auf أزهر بن عبد عوف
• Azhar bin Munqir أزهر بن منقر
• Azhar bin Qais أزهر بن قيس
• Azynah bin Haarith أذينة بن الحارث
B
• Barakah
• Bilal ibn Ribah
• Anas ibn Malik
• Dihyah Kalbi
F
• Fatimah bint Muhammad
• Fayruz ad-Daylami
H
• Habib ibn Zayd al-Ansari
• Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib
• Hakim ibn Hizam
• Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab
• Hasan bin Ali
• Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman
• Husayn bin Ali
• Hatib bin Abi Balta'ah
I
• Ibrahim abu Raf'e إبراهيم أبو رافع
• Ibrahim al ansari إبراهيم الأنصاري
• Ibrahim al Ashhali إبراهيم الأشهلي
• Ibrahim al najjar إبراهيم النجار
• Ibrahim al thaqafi إبراهيم الثقفي
• Ibrahim ibn Abdullah إبراهيم بن عبد الله
• Ibrahim ibn Abd ul Rahmaan al Azri إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن العذري
• Ibrahim ibn Abd ul Rahmaan al Zohri إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن الزهري
• Ibrahim ibn Harith إبراهيم بن الحارث
• Ibrahim ibn Ibaad إبراهيم بن عباد
• Ibrahim ibn Khllaad إبراهيم بن خلاد
• Ibrahim ibn Naeem إبراهيم بن نعيم
• Ibrahim ibn Qais إبراهيم بن قيس
• Ibrahim ibn Rasul Allah إبراهيم ابن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
• Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl
J
• Jabir ibn Abdullah al-Ansari
• Jafar ibn Abi Talib
• Julaybib
• Jundub bin Junadah
K
• Ka'b ibn Zuhair
• Khabbab ibn al-Aratt
• Khalid ibn al-Walid
M
• Miqdad ibn Aswad
• Muadh ibn Jabal
• Muhammad ibn Maslamah
• Miqdad ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi
• Musab ibn Umayr
N
• Nuaym ibn Masud
R
• Rabiah ibn Kab
• Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan
• Rumaysa bint Milhan
S
• Sa'sa'a bin Sohan
• Sad Ibn Abi Waqqas
• Said ibn Aamir al-Jumahi
• Said ibn Zayd
• Salim Mawla Abi Hudhayfah
• Salman the Persian
• Salama Abu Hashim (see Salama (town))
• Suhayb ar-Rumi
• Suhayl ibn Amr
• Suraqa bin Malik
• Shuja bin Wahab al-Asadi
• Salit bin 'Amr 'Ala bin Hadrami
T
• Talhah
• Tamim Abu Ruqayya (see Bayt Jibrin)
• Thabit ibn Qays
• Thumamah ibn Uthal
• Thameem Ansari
U
• Ubayy ibn al Qashab أبي بن القشب
• Ubayy ibn Ammarah أبي بن عمارة
• Ubayy ibn Kab ibn Abd Thaur أبي بن كعب بن عبد ثور
• Ubayy ibn Kab ibn Qais أبي بن كعب بن قيس
• Ubayy ibn Malik أبي بن مالك
• Ubayy ibn Muaz أبي بن معاذ
• Ubayy ibn Shreeq - Akhnus ibn Shreeq أبي بن شريق، ويعرف بالأخنس بن شريق
• Ubayy ibn Thabit أبي بن ثابت
• Ubayy ibn Ujlaan أبي بن عجلان
• Ubayy ibn Umayyah أبي بن أمية
• Umm Salamah
• Umar ibn al-Khattab
• Umayr ibn Sad al-Ansari
• Umayr ibn Wahb
• Uqbah ibn Amir
• 'Urwa ibn Zubayr ibn Al-'Awwam
• Utbah ibn Ghazwan
• Uthman ibn Affan,Uthman Ghani
• Uthaal ibn Naumaan أثال بن النعمان
• Ubada bin As-Samit
Z
• Zayd al-Khayr
• Zayd ibn Thabit
• Zayd bin al-Hareth
• Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
• Wahsh
Sahabiyeen (Sing Sahabi) The companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah he on him and his family and his companions.
Sahih "Sound in isnad." A technical attribute applied to the "isnad" of a hadith.
Sahih al-Bukhari The title of the books of Hadith compiled by Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari, a Sunni scholar. The collection is described as Sahih (authentic).
Sahih Muslim The title of the books of Hadith compiled by Abul Husayn Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, a Sunni scholar. The collection is described as Sahih (authentic).
Sahifah a page or manuscript.
Sahu Literally means forgetting. If one adds to or subtracts from what is required during the Salat (Prayer), out of forgetfulness or lack of attention, then one must perform two extra prostrations at the end of the Salat. This is called Sajda Sahu.
Sa'ir The third level of Hellfire. It is reserved for the worshippers of fire. See Jahanam.
Saiyidina Our Master. This usually refers to Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, but may also be used when mentioning the name of any prophet of Allah Ta'ala.
Saiyidul Anbiyaa wal Mursaleen "The Master of all Prophets and Apostles". This is the title of Muhammad (saw).
Sajda (As) (Plur Sujud)
1. Prostration. The act of making prostration, particularly in the Salat (Prayer).
2. "The Prostration". Surah 32 of the Qur'an. It is so called because it contains a verse (verse 15) whereby, if one hears it being recited, one must prostrate. There are fifteen such Ayat (verses) in the Qur'an. One should be in Ghusl and in Wudu when in Sajda.
Sajda Sahu See Sahu.
Sakarat Al Maut The 'drunkenness' of death. There are three signs which indicate that the person who is suffering the pangs of death is a believer:
1. Sweating on the forehead.
2. Tears appear in the eyes.
3. The nostrils dilate.
Likewise, the three signs of a disbeliever next to death are:
1. Irregular breathing.
2. Changing colour.
3. Frothing at the mouth.
Sakina divine "tranquility" or "peace" which descends upon a person when the Qur'an is recited. See Qur'an, At-Taubah 9/26, 40, Al-Fath 48/4, 18, 26.
Salaf (righteous) predecessors/ancestors. In Islam, Salaf is generally used to refer to the first three generations of Muslims. Forebears, predecessors, ancestors. Al Salaf al Saalih - the righteous forebears - refers to the early generations of Muslims including the Sahaabah and the Taabi`oon.
Salafi Literally, "the early years". Salafi is used generally to describe the early generations of the Muslims, particularly the companions of the Messenger of Allah and those who followed them, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and them. In the present age the term is sometimes used to describe a Muslim who closely follows the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad and As-Salafiyeen as-Saliheen, the righteous companions of Muhammad.
Salafiyeen as_saliheen (As) All the righteous companions of the Prophet Muhammad who followed the Prophet in all that he did and said, without any deviation or misinterpretation, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and them.
Ṣalah (salat Salah SALAAT, SALAAH) is an Arabic word to mean a spiritual relationship and communication between the creature and his Creator. Salah is one of the five pillars of Islam. A special communication (Salah) is to take place five times a day for a Muslim fixed by Allah. There are five daily obligatory prayers in Islam, consisting of fixed sets of standings, bowings, prostrations and sittings in worship to Allah. These are called Rak 'at.
The number of Rak'at in each prayer and their timings are:
1. Fajr - dawn - two Rak'at.
2. Duhr - noon - four Rak'at.
3. 'Asr - afternoon - four Rak' at.
4. Maghreb - sunset - three Rak'at.
5. Isha - late evening - four Rak'at.
These five Salat are one of the Arkan of islam. See Arkan. Prescribed communication with, and worship of, Allah, performed under specific conditions, in the manner taught by the Prophet Muhammad pbuh, and recited in the Arabic language. To perform Salah, a Muslim has to have ablution (Wudhu'). He/she should make sure that cleanliness of body, clothing, and place are attained before performing Salah. It is necessary to be in Ghusl and in Wudu when doing the Salat. For voluntary Salat: See NafiIah.
Salah is to be performed with mental concentration, verbal communication, vocal recitation, and physical movement to attain the spiritual uplift, peace, harmony, and concord. There is a congregational prayer on Friday noon (Salatul Jumu'ah) with a sermon (Khutbah) to be delivered by a religious leader (Imam) called Khatib.
Salah is not to be confused with prayer; the latter could be interpreted as supplication (Du'a).
Salaat al-Istikharah Prayer for guidance is done in conjunction with two rakaahs of supererogatory prayer.
Salatud_duha A Nafl Salat (voluntarily prayer) that is prayed after sunrise and before noon.
Salatul Janaza Funeral prayer. It is permitted to do Salatul Janaza only over the dead bodies of Muslims. This prayer is done in the standing position only, and usually immediately before the burial. It contains four Takbirs:
1. After the first Takbir - read Suratul Fatiha.
2. After the second Takbir - recite any Dua'a for the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, but it is preferred to do the Tashahhud (see Tashahhud) and the Salat aI-Ibrahimiya: "AIlahumma salle 'ala Muhammad wa 'ala ale Muhammad kama salaira Ibrahim wa 'ala alee Ibrahim; fill 'alameen innaka hameedun majeed. Allahumma barak 'ala Muhammad wa 'ala alee Muhammad kama barak ta ibrahim wa 'ala alec Ibrahim; fill 'alameen innaka hamidun majeed." ("O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. In all the worlds surely You are Praiseworthy,Glorious. O Allah, give Muhammad blessing and the family of Muhammad, as You gave Ibrahim blessing and the family of Ibrahim. In all the worlds surely You are Praiseworthy , Glorious.")
3. After the third Takbir - pray for the deceased person, his or her relatives and the Muslim people in general.
4. After the fourth Takbir - this marks the end of the Salat.Face your right shoulder and say "Assalamu 'alaikum wa rahmarullah" ( "Peace be on you and the Mercy of Allah").
Salatul Shuruq A Nafl Salat of two or four Rak'at that is prayed a short while after sunrise.
Salatul Tasbih A special Nafl Salat of four Rak'at. This Salat involves praising Allah Ta'ala by including "Subhanallah, wal hamdulilah, wa la il laha illallah, wallahu akbar" ("Glory to Allah, and Praise to Allah, and there is no god except Allah and Allah is Greatest") seventy-five times in each Rak'a.
Salat al-Khawf means Prayer in the state of insecurity. For its procedure see Surah al-Nisa 4/102.
Salām peace
Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam ( S.A.W. or S.A.W.S. also P.B.U.H.) "May Allah bless him and grant him peace." The expression should be used after stating Prophet Muhammad's name. This is an expression that Muslims use whenever the name of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) is mentioned or written. The meaning of it is: "May the blessings and the peace of Allah be upon him (Muhammad).
Another expression that is alternatively used is: "Alaihissalatu Wassalam." This expression means: "On Him (Muhammad) are the blessings and the peace of Allah." Allah has ordered Muslims, in the Qur'an, to say such an expression. Muslims are informed that if they proclaim such a statement once, Allah will reward them ten times. See abbreviation: S.A.W. or S.A.W.S. also P.B.U.H.
Salb The belongings of a person killed in battle; e.g. his weapons,horse, motorbike, etc.
Salih Righteous and goodly person, someone who is in the right place at the right time. It may also mean healthy and sound in body and soul. Derived from the root S-L-H meaning to reconcile, to put things in order, signifies behavior that is righteous, just and dignified. 'Amal salih, honorable or righteous action, is often combined in the Qur'an with Iman and made a condition for success in this world, as well as in the Hereafter.
Salman Al_Farsi A famous Persian Muslim who helped to defend Madina from the pagan Quraish tribe in the months of Shawal and Dhu'l-Qa'da in 5AH by suggesting that the Muslims dig a trench around the unprotected parts. This battle came to be known as the Battle of the Khandaq (Trench), or the Battle of AI-Ahzab (the Clans). See Qur'an, Al-Ahzab 33/9-22. Prior to his accepting Islam, Salman al-Farisi had first embraced Judaism and then Christianity. He spent his life in the search for knowledge and found it with the Prophet whose coming he had learned about from the Jews and the Christians of that time,Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him.
Salsabil A fountain in Jannah (al-firdaus). Literally means "seek the way". See Qur'an, Al-insan 76/18.
Salsabeel peace be upon him Name of the special angel who takes the souls of the Mu'minoon (the believers) wrapped in silk through the Seven Heavens and presents them to Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala before returning them to their bodies before they are placed in their graves.
Samaa (Plur Samawat) Heaven. In the sense of 'sky'. "Sab'a Samawat" - Seven Heavens.
Samad (As) Does not have an exact meaning in English. The closest word or words that indicate the meaning are:
1. "Absolute" and "Eternal" and "Everlasting".
2. The One to Whom all created beings turn to for all their needs, and Who is not dependent on anything or anyone for any need.
3. The Most Perfect in His Attributes. One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah Ta'ala.
Samawat (Sing Samaa) Heavens. "Sab'a Samawat" - Seven Heavens.
Saqar The fourth level of the Nar (Hellfire). This is where the atheists will be sent on the Day of Judgement.
Saqifah a shelter with a roof. The companions of the Prophet met in a Saqifah in Madinah to pledge their loyalty to Abu Bakr after the death of the Prophet.
Sariya A small army sent by the prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for a Jihad in which he did not personally take part.
S.A.A.S. (S.A.W.S.) These letters are abbreviations for the words "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam", which means: may the blessing and the peace of Allah be upon him. When the name of Prophet Muhammad is mentioned, a Muslim is to respect him and invoke this statement of peace upon him.
Sawm (Siyam) is to mean total abstinence of food and liquid fro dawn to sunset for one whole lunar month. For those who are married, they are to abstain from sexual relations during that time too. Sawm (Fasting) takes place during the ninth month of the lunar calendar called Ramadhan. Sawm is one of the five pillars of Islam. Total fasting is also a training process to attain self-restraint, self-control, self-discipline, self-obedience, self-education, and self-evaluation.
Few people are excused from fasting during Ramadhan. Some are required to make up later for the days they did not fast such as the travelers (over 50 miles by any means), sick, pregnant women, women nursing babies, and women during their periods. Other excused people are required to feed a poor person one meal for each day they do not fast if they can afford it, such as the elderly people and the ones who have permanent diseases like ulcers. Fasting from just before dawn until sunset. Abstinence is required from all food and drink (including water) as well as smoking and conjugal relations. The word sawm is derived from Syriac sawmo.
Sawa awakening, revival
S.A.W. (S.A.W.S.) Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم). See P.B.U.H.
Sayyid leader or chief. master or a descendant of a relative of Muhammad [upon whom be peace], usually a title given to a descendant who comes from Hussayn.
Saydd Hunting for game. In Islam it is permitted to hunt game,provided that the hunting and killing of the game is done within the Shari'ah law. Saydd is prohibited within the sacred precincts of the Haramain. See Qur'an, Al-Maida 5/97-99.
Sa'yee (Sa'y) the going back and forth seven times between Safa and Marwah that is done during the Hajj or the Umrah. It is done to symbolize Hajar's search for water for her son Ismael.
Seeaam Fasting, from food and drink - and from sexual intercourse if you are married during daylight, from the first light of dawn until sunset. Also spelled as Saum. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the Arkan (five pillars) of Islam. Allah Ta' ala has made it obligatory on every Muslim whether man or woman, with the exception of:
1. A person who is ill.
2. A person on ajourney of 16 Farsakhs (48 miles) or more.
3. A woman who is menstruating or who has just given birth. Once these situations no longer apply, the missed days must be compensated. The very young are exempted.The aged should fast, but if they find it difficult then they too are exempted and may feed poor people instead. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):184-185, 187.
Sema refer to some of the ceremonies used by various sufi orders
Sha`a'ir Allah refer to all those rites which, in opposition to polytheism and outright disbelief and atheism, are the characteristic symbols of exclusive devotion to God.
Sha'ban The eighth of Islamic calender. SeeHijri
Shaam The territory north of Arabia which is now divided into Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan.
Shafaa'a Intercession. On the Day of Judgement Allah Ta'ala, through His Grace and Mercy, will permit the Prophet Muhammad may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to intercede on behalf of the Muslim Ummah.
Three other groups may also be given leave to intercede:
1. The Anbiyaa - the prophets.
2. The Ulamaa - the people of knowledge from amongst the Muslims.
3. The Shuhadaa - the martyrs who died in the cause of Allah Ta'ala.
Shahadah declaration of faith. A person must recite the shahadah to convert to Islam. The shahadah in Islam is:: "I testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." The testimony of faith: La ilaha illa Allah. Muhammadun rasulullah. ("There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."). Sunnis regard this as the first Pillar of Islam. Also may be used as a synonym for the term Istish'hād meaning martyrdom. To witness, in this world. See Shahadatain. Singular of Shahadatain.
To bear witness, on the Day of Judgement. There will be four witnesses on Yaum al-Hisab (the Day of Reckoning):
1. The Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Muslim Ummah against all the other Ummahs (communities and nations).
2. The earth and the day and the night will be given the power to speak and bear witness.
3. Everyone's limbs will bear witness for or against theirowners.
4. One's deeds.
Shahadatain Bearing witness. In order to become a Muslim one must utter and believe in two Shahadas (Shahadatian): First Shahada: Ashhadu an la illaha iII'allah. (I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.) Second Shahada: Ashhadu anna Muhammadar rasoolullah. (I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.) The Shahadatain is the gateway to Islam and the gateway to the Garden. It is easy to say, but to act on it is a vast undertaking which has far-reaching consequences, in both inward awareness and outward action, in this world and in the next world. Continual affirmation of the Shahadatain is one of the Arkan of Islam. See Arkan.
Shahawat Desires and passions.
Shaheed (pl shuhada) witness, martyr. Usually refers to a person killed whilst fighting in "jihad fee sybil Allah" (jihad for the sake of Allah). A martyr. Someone who dies in the way of Allah.
Shahid means a witness or martyr.
Shaikh (SHEIKH) The word Shaikh is a title or a nickname for an elderly person or a religious leader in a community. This title is also given to a wise person. The meaning of the word Shaikh has been distorted, misused, and abused by some mass media to reflect the wrong meanings.
Shaitan (SHAITAAN) (plur Shayatin)Satan is the source of evil in the world. He always tries to misguide and mislead people. The Qur'an states that Satan is not an angel but a member of the Jinn. The Devil; also known as Iblis. When Allah created Adam, He ordered the angels as well as Iblis to prostrate for Adam. They all obeyed the order of Allah except Iblis. His argument was that Allah created Adam from clay and Iblis from the flame of fire. Accordingly, Iblis thought that he was better than Adam. Hence, Allah told him that he will dwell in Hell. Iblis asked Allah for a postponement until the hereafter. Allah granted his request. Iblis swore that he would mislead and misguide all the people except those sincere and devoted worshipers of Allah. Allah told him that only the misguided ones would follow him and that He would fill Hell with him and his followers.
Shari'ah (SHARIAH) The root of this word is Shara'a; and some other names of it are Shar', Shir'ah and Tashri'. The Shari'ah is the revealed and the canonical laws of the religion of Islam. The legislative power in the government lies in the hands of legislative assembly. The legislators are to make rules and regulations within the scope and dimensions of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet (s.a.w.). These rules constitute the Shari'ah. "the path to a watering hole"; the eternal ethical code and moral code based on the Qur'an and Sunnah; basis of fiqh
Sharīf a title bestowed upon the descendants of Muhammad through Hasan, son of his daughter Fatima Zahra and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib
Shajara (ash) A famous place near Madinah on the way to Makkah.
Shakk wa Zann (Kufr Ash) A major disbelief. Doubting any or all of the six articles of faith (see 'Aqaaid). See Kufr.
Shaqi Wretched in the sight of Allah Ta'ala, as opposed to Sai'd, which means blessed in the sight of Allah. See Qur'an, Houd 11/105.
Shawal Tenth month of the Islamic calendar. See Hijri.
Shayateen Devils. Plural of Shaitan.
Shighar A type of marriage which is forbidden where persons exchange daughters or sisters in marriage without giving Mahr (dowry).
Shirk associating partners with Allah. Shirk can also encompase any object that a person may hold in regard higher than Allah. It is the most severe of sins and will not be forgiven. Opposite of Tawheed. To associate anyone or anything with Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala. Shirk is idol-worship. Idol-worship means attributing form to Allah, encasing Him in an object, a concept, a ritual or a myth - when Allah has no form, is not like anything and cannot be conceived of or perceived. Allah the Most Merciful is prepared to forgive any sin a man or Jinn may commit, except for dying in a state of Shirk.
There are three types of Shirk:
1. Shirk al-Akbar (major Shirk). This is divided into four categories:
o Shirk ad-Du'a : invoking or supplicating to a false deity besides Allah Ta'ala, i.e. invocation or supplication by either invoking other than Allah or invoking Him through a created being or thing, such as a prophet, an angel, a saint, or even a bank manager.
o Shirk al-Niyyah wa Iraada wal Qasd : having the intention and determination to deliberately do any type of act of worship to a deity other than Allah Ta'ala.
o Shirk at-Ta'a: obeying any created being against the command of Allah Ta'ala. Beware of such Shirk! It is very easy to commit.
o Shirk al-Muhabbah: loving a created being or an object more than Allah Ta'ala.
2. Shirk aI-Asghar (minor Shirk):
o Shirk ar-Rea':carrying out a religious act for worldly gains and not for the pleasure of Allah, e.g. giving Zakat for the sake of fame or praise.
o Shirk at-Tasmee': swearing by other than Allah, and accordingly relying on other than Allah, or attaching more importance to other than Allah.
3. Shirk aI-Khafy (hidden Shirk):heing dissatisfied with what Allah has ordained for a panicular person. Hidden Shirk is to inwardly worship anything or anyone other than Allah, or to inwardly associate something or someone as a partner with Him, especially one's self.
Shiqaaq Discord, schism, breach.
Shuhadaa (Sing Shaheed) Persons who die Fee Sabeeli'IIah (in the path of Allah). See Shaheed. Allah has designated eight things for the Shuhadaa alone:
1. They are the first to be forgiven.
2. They are the first to see their place in Jannah (Paradise)
3. They are exempted from 'Adhabul-Qabr (trials and tribulations in the grave).
4. They will be exempted from fear on the Day of Resurrection.
5. They will be crowned with the "Taj al-Waqar" (literally means "the crown of respect") on that Day.
6. They will each be married to seventy-two "Houri'een"(see Hooriah).
7. They will each be given permission to intercede on behalf of seventy-two of their relatives.
8. The sweetness of Iman will physically glow from within them.
Shura Consultation. Consultation of the people in the management of religious and worldly affairs. A duty prescribed in the Qur'an to leaders at all levels, from family to government. Majlis ash-shūrā advisory council in a Caliphate
Siddiq (Siddiqeen) The sincere and truthful. The first and foremost followers of the prophets of Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on them. See Qur'an, An-Nisaa 4/69.
Sidr Lotus tree.
Sidrat al-Muntaha a lotus tree that marks the end of the seventh heaven, the boundary where no creation can pass.
Siffin
1. A place in Syria where in 36AH, a famous battle between the followers of Ali, the Khalifa, and the followers supporting the claims of Mu'awiya Ibn Abi Sufyan took place by the River Euphrates, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on whoever follows right guidance.
2. A place near Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah.
Sijjin Comes from the root word 'Sijn', which means 'prison'. Its exact nature is known to Allah Ta'ala alone. All that is revealed to us is that it is where the record of the evil doer is recorded; in contrast, the record of the righteous is kept in Illyoun. See Qur'an, Al-Mutafifeen 83/7-9.
Sin al-bulugh This is the age of maturity and puberty. It is the age at which the Muslims are considered an adult and becomes accountable for his/her duties in Islam. There is no fixed age for that in terms of years and it is decided by three signs: having a menstruation, period or pregnancy for girls, and being physically mature or having a wet dream for boys, growing pubic hair, or reaching the age of fifteen, whichever comes first.
Sin at-tamyiz This is the age of distinguishing. This age is used in Fiqh to decide the age before which the mother has the right to keep the child after divorce. It varies from one person to another. The age is reached when the child can take care of himself or herself and no longer needs an adult to help him eat, get dressed, and clean himself or herself. In the school of thought of Abu Hanifah, it is seven years for the boy and nine years for the girl. The girl is given longer time so that she can learn more of the habits of women.
Sirah (SEERAH) The writings of the companions of the Prophet (s.a.w.) about him, his personality, his life story. and his ways of handling different situations is called Sirah. The famous collections of the Sirah are At-Tabari, Ibn Ishaq, and Ibn Hisham. The Sirah is a source of reference that Muslims rely on in their daily life situations and problems. Life or biography of the Prophet Muhammad; his moral example - with hadith this comprises the sunnah.
Siraat (As) Literally means "road". It is the bridge over the Nar (Hellfire) which must be crossed to enter the Garden on the Day of Judgement. It is described in Ahadeeth as being narrower than the blade of a sword, thinner than a hair and as having hooks over it to snatch wrongdoers and throw them into Jahanam.Some will cross the Siraat into the Garden like lightning or like the wind, some with ease, some with difficulty, some with great difficulty and some will fall into the waiting Fire below. See Qur' an, Mariam 19/71.
Sirat al-Mustaqim the Straight Path
Sirq Theft. One of the Kabair (major sins) in Islam. Allah Ta'ala has ordained that the hand that steals be severed, under certain circumstances.
Sirri Quiet recitation of the Qur'an during Salat, as in the Duhr and 'Asr Salat (prayers).
Sirwal long under garment worn by the Arabs.
Siwak a piece of a branch or root of a tree that is used as a toothbrush. Also called a miswak.
Soht Ill-gotten property or money. Forcing someone to part with their goods or money through theft, coercion, embezzlement, usury or by any other means that will incur the wrath of Allah.
Subhah String of beads used to count recitations in worship by sufis.
Subhanahu wa ta'ala (S.W.T.) "May He be Glorified and Exalted." One of the many ways of glorifying Allah the Almighty. It means "Glory be to Allah on High. Far removed is He from any imperfection".
T
Taweel Interpretation. Especially interpretation of the Qur'an
Ta'a Obedience to Allah and performing good deeds.
Ta'a (Shirk Al) A major Shirk. Obeying any created being against the command of Allah. Beware of such Shirk! It is very easy to commit. See Shirk.
Ta'aam Feeding the poor and the hungry.
Taybaa Another name for Madinah.
Taba'īn (Tab'e) (Plur Tabi'een) followers of the Sahabah. A Muslim who has seen or met a Sahabi (a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and his family and his companions and all who follow him and them in what they are able, with sincerity, until the Last Day).
Tabi'een Plural of Tab'e. See Tab'e.
Tabuk A famous town 400 miles north of Madinah al-Munawarah close to Shaam. In 9AH the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, hearing that the Byzantines were gathering a large army to march against the Muslims, led a large expedition to Tabuk, on what was to be his last campaign, only to find that the Byzantine army had withdrawn back into its own territory.
Tafsir (Tafseer) exegesis, particularly such commentary on the Qur'an A commentary. There are several reliable Tafsirs on the meanings of the Ayaat of the Qur'an, including those of Ibn Kathir, Tabari and Al-Qurtubi.
Taghut (taghout) impurity; anything worshipped other than God, i.e. all the false deities. literally denotes the one who exceeds his legitimate limits. In Qur'anic terminology it refers to the creature who exceeds the limits of his creatureliness and abrogates to himself godhead and lordship. In the negative scale of values, the first stage of man's error is fisq (i.e. disobeying God without necessarily denying that one should obey Him.) The second stage is that of kufr, (i.e. rejection of the very idea that one ought to obey God.) The last stage is that man not only rebels against God but also imposes his rebellious will on others. All those who reach this stage are taghut.
Tahajjud nafl voluntary prayer is an optional prayer that is supposed to be performed in the middle of the night. It is required that a person sleep a little before he gets up for the Tahajjud prayer. It can be performed anytime between Isha and Fajr.
Tahara Purification. Tahara is accomplished in a variety of ways, e.g.:
1. Souls. In order for the soul to be pure one must submit one's whole self to Allah Ta'ala, i.e. become a Muslim.
2. Bodies. They are purified through Tayammum, Wudu or Ghusl, depending on the circumstances. For a full explanation: See Tayammum, Wudu and Ghusl.
3. Clothing. Three things indicate that clothes may be impure and need washing:
o If they smell.
o If they are wet and the cause of the wetness is either unknown or known to be impure or dirty.
o If they are stained.
purification from ritual impurities by means of wudu or ghusl
Tahir Pure, ritually clean, unsoiled. See Tahara.
Tahmeed Reciting the words of praise to Allah Ta'ala, i.e. saying "Al-hamdu lilahe Rabbil 'alameen" ("Praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds").
Tahqiq Recitation of the Qur'an in a very slow manner. This method is used only when one is learning or teaching Tajweed.
Tahnik Chewing a date then putting the juice into the mouth of a child. Sahih Bukhari, Book of Aqiqa, p.272, Vol.7.
Tahreem (Al) "The Banning". Surah 66 of the Qur' an.
Taḥrīf corruption, forgery. Muslims believe the Bible Scriptures were corrupted but the Qur'an is in its original form.
Taif A city fifty miles east of Makkah, where the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to preach after being rejected, beaten and nearly killed by the pagan Quraish of Makkah in the second year before Hijra. There too he suffered beatings and humiliation. On his return journey to Makkah, Allah Ta'ala revealed to him that although the people of Taif had rejected him, the Jinn had accepted him. It was then that Surarul Jinn (Surah 72) was revealed to him.
Tajdīd to purify and reform society in order to move it toward greater equity and justice
Tajdif blasphemy
Tajweed It is a saying or an act of reciting Al-Qur'an in accordance with the established rules of Nutq, pronunciation and intonations, such as tafkheem, velarization, Ghunnah, chanting, and Iqlaab, transposition. a special manner of reciting the Qur'an according to prescribed rules of pronunciation and intonation.
Takbīr a proclamation of the greatness of Allah; a Muslim invocation. Saying "Allahu Akbar!" Recited during salah, Id and other celebrations.
Takdir fate, predestination
Takfir is a practice of declaration of individual or group of previously considered Muslim as kaffir.
Taktheeb (Kufr Al) A major disbelief. It is denying the Divine Truth. See Kufr
Takweer (At) "The Overthrowing". Surah 81 of the Qur'an.
Talaq "The Divorce". Surah 65 of the Qur'an.
Talbiyah The call that the pilgrims make to their Lord on the Hajj, saying:
"Labbaik, labbaik, Allahumma labbaik." ("I am totally at Your service, I am totally at Your service, O Allah I am totally at Your service.")
"La shareeka laka labbaik." ("You have no partner, I am totally at Your service.")
"Innal hamda wa n'imata laka wal mulk." ("Truly, the praise and the blessing are Yours, and the dominion.")
"La shareeka lak." ("You have no partners.")
Talut King Saul. He led his army against the army of Jalut (Goliath). See Qur'an, Al-Baqara 2/247-249.
Tam' Avarice, greed.
Tamr means dates in Arabic language.
Tan'im The place where Makkans put on their Ihram to perform an Umra or the Hajj. It is a place just on the northern outskirts of Makkah. See Miqat
Tamatu' (Hajj Al) "Interrupted Hajj". Umra, followed by Hajj, but taking off the Ihram in between these two stages. See Hajj.
Tamaninat to be motionless
Taqlīd (taqleed) to blindly follow a person whose following is not based on proof and does not rely upon knowledge. Garlanding sacrificial animals, especially during the Hajj. In reference to Fiqh, it means the following of previous authorities and the avoidance of Ijtihad. Uncritical adoption or imitation of a particular scholar or school of thought (madhhab).
Taqiyya the mostly Shi'a principle that one is allowed to hide one's true beliefs in certain circumstances.
Taqwa righteousness; goodness; Piety: Taqwa is taken from the verbe Ittaqua, witch means Avoiding, Fearing the punishment from Allah for committing sins. It is piety obtained by fearing the punishment of Allah. Fear of Allah, being careful, knowing your place in the cosmos. Its proof is the experience of awe, of Allah, which inspires a person to be on guard against wrong action and eager for actions pleasing to Allah.
Fearing Allah as He should be feared is one of the major signs of being a faithful Muslim. Piety and restraint (through Taqwa) in times of hardship are signs of having achieved the essence and spirit of Islam, and thus Allah's blessing. See Qur'an, Aali 'Imran 3/102-103, Al-Hashr 59/18-19. the love and fear that a Muslim feels for Allah. A person with taqwa desires to be in the good pleasures of Allah and to stay away from those things that would displease Allah. He is careful not to go beyond the bouds and limits set by Allah.
Taqwim Mould, shape, form, etc. Allah Ta'ala created man in the best of forms, but then abased him to the lowest of the low. See Qur 'an, At-Teen 95/4-5.
Taraweeh (Tarawih) Nafl Salat (prayers) that are done after Isha Salat during the month of Ramadan, in order to recite the Qur'an as fully as possible, or completely. They are usually done in congregation,but may also be done individually.
Tariq (Al) "The Night Visitant". Surah 86 of the Qur'an.
Tarkīb the study of Arabic grammar issued from the Qur'an
Ṭarīqah a sufistic order.
Tarteel (Tartīl) Slow and measured (meditative) recitation of the Qur'an taking extreme care with regard to the rules of slow reading, pausing and stopping at every indicated point. Chanting Al-Qur'an; the Prophet has recommended it saying: "Whoever does not chant the Qur'an is not among us". (Abudaawuud).
Tarwiya The start of the Hajj. The 8th of Dhu'l-Hijjah when the Hujjaj leave Macca and set out to Mina.
Tasbihat Reciting the following: "Subhanallah" ("Glory be to Allah") - 33 times, "Alhamdu LilIah" ("Praise be to Allah") - 33 times, and "Allahu Akbar" ("Allah is the Greatest") - 33 times followed by the Shahadatain once, after the end of each obligatory prayer.
Tasdeeq Affirmation.
Tashahhud Reciting the following silently while one is in Qu'ud (i.e. the sitting position) during Salat: "Attahiyatu lillahe wa salawatu tayibat. Assalamu 'alaika ya aiuhan nabiu wa rahmatullahe wa barakatuhu. Wa assalamu 'alaina wa 'ala 'ibadillahe saleheen. Ashadu an Ia illaha illal lah. Wa ashadu anna Muhammadar rasoolu' llah." ("Greetings are for Allah and all prayers and all good. Peace be on you 0 Prophet and the Mercy of Allah and His blessing. Peace be on us and on the right-acting slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of , recitation of the Tashahhud is followed by recitation of Salat al-Ibrahimiya. See Salatul-Janaza.
Tashkīl vocalization of a text, for example the Qur'an
Tashreeq (Al) The 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhu'l-Hijjah. These form part of the Eid aI-Adha. On these days the sacrificial animals are slaughtered and eaten and the Jamras are stoned by the pilgrims. Since these are days of feasting, it is not permitted to fast during them. [Ayyam] al-Tashriq This term signifies four days of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, viz. 10th through 13th.
Tasleem (Taslim) The Muslims' greeting; salutation at the end of prayer. The action of turning one's face to the right and saying "Assalamu 'alaikum wa rahmatullah" ('Peace be on you and the Mercy of Allah") and turning one's face to the left and repeating the same words, ends every Salat (Prayer).
Tasneem Name of a fountain in Jannah (Paradise) whose drink is superior to the purest of wines. Its nectar will only be drunk by those near est to Allah Ta'ala. Literally means "rich and elevated". See Qur' an, Al-Mutafifeen 83/27-28.
Tatbeer Shia Ashura ceremony of self-flagellation by hitting head with sword. (See zinjeer)
Tauhid TAUHEED confirming the Oneness of Allah. It is the basis of Islam. See tawhid
Tawassul asking Allah Almighty through the medium and intercession of another person.
Tawbah (Taubah) repentance
1. Returning to correct action after error, turning away from wrong action to Allah and asking His Forgiveness, turning to face Allah whereas before one turned one's back.
2. Name of one of the eight gates of Jannah (Paradise). See Jannah.
3. "Repentance". Another name for Al-Baraah. Surah 9 of the Qur' an.
Tasawwuf (Sufism) see sufism
Tawaf the circumfering of the Ka'bah seven times. People usually do this during Umrah or Hajj. Tawaf is done in sets of seven circuits, after each of which it is necessary to pray two Rak'at, preferably at or near the Maqaam al-Ibrahim. See Tawaf al-Ifada.
Tawaf Al Ifadah The Tawaf of the Ka'aba by the Hujjaj (pilgrims) after they come from Mina to Makka on the 10th of Dhu'l-Hijjah. This Tawaf is one of the Rukn (essential rites) of the Hajj. See Tawaf.
Tawaf Al Qudum The 'Tawaf on Arrival', the Tawaf of the Ka'aba that the pilgrim must do on first entering the Haram in Makka. It is one of the essential rites of both the Hajj and an Umra.
Tawaf Al Widaa The 'Tawaf of Farewell'. The Tawaf of the Holy Ka'aba that every visitor to Makka should do before leaving Makkah. It should be connected directly to the trip of departure, and whoever is delayed and stays on afterwards should do it again.See Tawaf.
Tawakul'ala'llah Putting one's complete faith in and reliance on Allah Ta'ala and no-one else. Depending on Allah Ta'ala in every aspect of one's life is the mark of a true believer.
Tawhīd (Al-Tawheed) monotheism; affirmation of the Oneness of Allah. Muslims regard this as the first part of the Pillar of Islam, the second part is accepting Muhammad as rasoul (messenger). The opposite of Tawheed is shirk The Divine Unity, Unity in its most profound sense. Allah is One in His Essence and His Attributes and His Acts. The whole universe and what it contains is One unified event which in itself has no lasting reality. Allah is the Real, AI-Haqq. Although Allah is indivisible and beyond conception, Tawheed can be viewed from four distinct perspectives:
1. Tawheed aI-Rububiyah : Unity of Lordship. To perceive that there is only one Lord, the Master and Creator of the Universe, Who oversees and orders it in every moment, and that He is Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala.
2. Tawheed aI-Uluhiyah : Unity of Worship. To realise that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah "Wahdahu Ia shareeka'lah" ("Alone without partner").
3. Tawheed al-Asma wa Sifaat : Unity of Names and Attributes of Allah Ta'ala. To comprehend that:
o None can qualify or name Allah except as He or Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, have named or qualified Him.
o None can be named or qualified with the Names or the Attributes that belong only to Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala. For example, none maybe called "AI-Muhyee" ("the Giver of Life") except Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala Himself.
o We must accept all the Ayat and Ahadeeth (Sahih)regarding the Attributes of Allah without altering their meaning in any way whatsoever. For a full list of the Attributes of Allah Ta'ala.
4. Tawheed al-Itabaa : Unity in following the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. To believe in and recite the words "Ashadu anna Muhammadar-Rasoolullah" ("I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah") and to follow the way of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, as much as one is able, in life and worship. It is only by following the way of Islam that the true nature of Tawhid becomes apparent.
Another name for Suratul Ikhlas.
Ta'weel Interpretation or explanation. Sometimes used synonymously with tafseer. Often used in the Qur'an in the sense of `final meaning,' `inner meaning' or `real meaning' of a happening or statement or thing as distinct from its outward appearance. Absolute knowledge or what a thing or event implies rests with God alone - "none except God knows its final meaning - ta'weel" (3/7).
Tayammum Purification for prayer using clean dust, earth or stone, when water for Ghusl or Wudu is either unavailable or would be detrimentalto health. Strike the hands lightly on some clean earth, or rub the stone with the palms of the hands, blow off any dust, then wipe over the face, the hands and forearms. Tayammum is broken by the same things that break Wudu. See Wudu.
Thawab reward of blessing. Reward for good deeds that is tallied on qiyamah (judgment day.) Opposite of ithim. Spiritual reward given by Allah Ta'ala to good deeds performed by man and Jinn.
Tawrah (Torah) the Revelation that Allah sent down to Moses. It is the Jewish Holy Book. the uncorrupted form of the Torah revealed to Musa (Moses.)
Tayyib all that is good as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods, etc. Means "pure." The Shahaddath is tayyib.
Ta'zeer Discretionary punishment - a sentence or punishment whose measure is not fixed by the Shari'ah. (See hudud, qisas)
Tazkiyah Purification of the Soul.
Teen "The Fig". Surah 95 of the Qur' an.
Thamud Successors to the people of 'Ad. They lived in north-western Arabia between what is now known as Madinah and Syria. Their prophet was Saleh (peace be on him). Allah Ta'ala destroyed them with an earthquake. See Qur' an, Al-A'raf 7/73-79, Hud 11/61-68, Ash-Shu'araa 26/141-159, An-Naml 27/45-53, Az-Zariyat 51/43-45, Al-Qamar 54/23-31.
Thaur A famous cave three miles from Makkah where Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, hid for three nights whilst the Quraish searched for them in vain. See Qur' an, At-Taubah 9/40.
Thumma
1. "Then", in the sense of"what happens next". There are four words that indicate the proximity of what is to follow next:
o Wa = and. Indicates that what is to follow will be almost immediately afterwards.
o Fa = then. Indicates that what is to follow will be relatively soon afterwards. E.g. "Idha ja anasrullahi wa'l-fath. Wa ra-aita nasa yadkhulouna fi deeni'lahi afwaja. Fa sabbih bi hamdi rabbika wa staghfirh; innahu kana tawwaba." (An-Nasr (11O)):("When the help of Allah and victory come, and you see people entering the Deen of Allah in large numbers, then celebrate the praise of your Lord and seek His forgiveness; surely He is always ready to show mercy.") Where "and" is used, the events or actions linked by "wa" are virtually simultaneous. Where "then" is used, there is a little space of time between what happens before and after "fa", i.e. only after you see people embrace the religion of Allah THEN celebrate the praise of your Lord AND seek forgiveness.... Here, praise is to be immediately followed by seeking forgiveness.
o Thumma = then. Indicates that what is to follow will come later. E.g. "Thumma stawa 'ala'l 'arsh..." (Yunus (1O):3):"Then He established Himself on the Throne...." After creating the heavens and the earth in six 'days' (and a 'day' with Allah can be at least fifty thousand years of 'our' time), He then established Himself firmly on the Throne. Here the time lapse is six periods of time. See'Arsh.
o Saufa = not until then. Indicates that what is to follow will only occur after certain future events have occurred.E.g. "Kalla saufa ta'lamoon" (Ar-Takathur (102):3)("Certainly then you shall know"). It is only when you die that you really find out. It will not be until then that you will come to know.
2. "Then", used to emphasize a point. E.g. "Thumma kalla saufa ta'lamoon." (Ar-Takathur (102):4): ("Certainly THEN you will know.") This is only a meagre explanation of a single word. The Holy Qur'an has 77,934 words and every word has a depth which even an ocean cannot reach.What a miracle, and yet the unbelievers say that this book is not from Allah! How they delude themselves!
Tilawa (Tilawat) This word has a variety of meanings, depending on the context:
1. Studying the Qur'an in order to understand it in the way it should be understood. See Al-Baqara 2/121.
2. Meditating and reflecting on the Qur'an's meanings in order to enrich one's life and knowledge.
3. Reading and reciting the Qur'an by oneself.
4. Reading and reciting and conveying its meanings to others.
5. Approaching and acting on the Qur'an in such a way that it becomes part of one's inner self, thus helping one to attain perfect prayer and to avoid any form of evil or shameful deeds and to be an upright person in the sight of Allah Ta'ala. See Qur'an, Al -'Ankaboot 29/45. ritual recitation of passages of the Qur'an.
Torah It is the Revelation that Allah sent down to Moses. It is the Jewish Holy Book See Tawrah
Toor "The Mount". Toori Sineen is the original name for Mount Sinai, on which the Prophet Musa (Moses) received the revelation of the Torah from Allah. Surah 52 of the Qur' an.
Tulaqaa The people who embraced Islam on the day of the conquest of Makkah by the Prophet and his companions, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and them, in 8AH.